Male And Female Sentencing A Look Into Alternative...

Female V Male Sentencing A Look into Alternative Sentencing Ritchey, Christian American Military University Author Note This paper was prepared for CRMJ201. Abstract With incarceration rates rising and jail and prison populations at an all-time high, alternative sentencing is being used more often with non-violent offenders. This paper looks at male and female incarceration rates, the use of alternative programs for sentencing between the two and the effectiveness of such programs. During the paper we will analyze sentencing differences between male and female offenders. We will also analyze the use of alternative programs for sentencing and their effectiveness. Female V Male Sentencing A Look into Alternative Sentencing The sentencing†¦show more content†¦These A look at statistics According to the 1998 Census Bureau (which was revised in 2000) female offenders made up 51.6% of the population while male offenders made up 48.4%. This indicates that women account for more than half of the population age 10 and older. (bjs.gov) In order to look further into alternative sentencing we need to ask ourselves: 1. What is alternative sentencing? 2. Who is eligible for alternative sentencing? 3. What is the goal of alternative sentencing? 4. Does it work? What is alternative sentencing? â€Å"An alternative to incarceration is any kind of punishment other than time in prison or jail that can be given to a person who commits a crime†. (famm.org) These types of â€Å"punishment† have several benefits. They can help provide things for communities, lower prison and jail costs, help rehabilitate and treat offenders who are addicted to drugs or are mentally ill. Some forms of alternative sentencing are drug-court, probation, house arrest, community service, half-way houses and fines/restitution. Drug-courts are special branches of courts that exist within courts that already exist. Drug-courts provide offenders with court supervised treatment. Probation/parole allows the offender to be â€Å"free† of incarceration, but, keeps the offender from leaving the community. While on probation/parole the offender will have to report to the probation/parole officer. This keeps the offender accountable and helps deter them

The Question Of Being Is The Darkest Of All Philosophy

The question of being is the darkest in all philosophy.† So concluded William James in thinking about that most basic of riddles: how did something come from nothing? The question infuriates, James realized, because it demands an explanation while denying the very possibility of explanation. â€Å"From nothing to being there is no logical bridge,† he wrote. In science, explanations are built of cause and effect. But if nothing is truly nothing, it lacks the power to cause. It’s not simply that we can’t find the right explanation—it’s that explanation itselffails in the face of nothing. This failure hits us where it hurts. We are a narrative species. Our most basic understanding comes through stories, and how something came from nothing is the†¦show more content†¦The ancient Greeks suggested that empty space is filled with substance—a plenum, an ether. Aristotle conceived of the ether as an unchanging fifth element, more perfect and heavenly in its invariance than earth, air, fire, or water. True nothingness was at odds with Aristotle’s physics, which said that bodies rise up or fall down as dictated by their rightful place in the natural order of things. Nothingness, however, would be perfectly symmetric—it would look the same from every angle—rendering absolute spatial directions like â€Å"up† and â€Å"down† utterly meaningless. An ether, Aristotle figured, could serve as a kind of cosmic compass, an ultimate reference frame against which all motion could be measured. For those who abhorred a vacuum, the ether banished every last trace of it. The ancient ether stuck around for millennia until it was re-imagined in the late 19th century by physicists like James Clerk Maxwell, who discovered that light behaves as a wave that always travels at a particular speed. What was waving, and speed relative to what? The ether was a handy answer, providing both a medium for light waves to travel through, and, as Aristotle originally imagined, a reference frame against which allShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophical Community As The Father Of Existentialism787 Words   |  4 PagesSoren Kierkegaard is known, almost universally, in the philosophical community as the Father of Existentialism. His works all seek to answer a fundamental question of existence, one that plagued humanity since the times of Aristotle and beyond; How should we life our lives? More specifically in his publication, Either/Or, Kierkegaard introduces two life philosophies, one of the aesthetic and one of the ethic. These viewpoints, argued and symbolized by two charact ers, â€Å"A†, and Judge Wilhelm. KierkegaardRead MoreWhat Makes People Happy?836 Words   |  4 PagesHappy? 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Besides being a National qualifier in Cross Country in his first ever collegiate season, Alex is a very interesting character whenever it comes to his worldview. He is the type of guy that lives life to the fullest and always has a smile on his face and enjoys everything he does. Alex comes from a â€Å"very religious† Catholic background, as he informed me. He informed me that heRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five: A Warning Against War Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough a comparison and contrast between the Tralfamadorian world and philosophy and Billy Pilgrims existence and war experiences. Slaughterhouse-Five is filled with scenes that seem absurd and ridiculous and invite the reader to chuckle; Tralfamadore falls short to the appeals of human reason and logic, highlighting the war scenes that also fall short to the englorious posters of military propaganda. Billy Pilgrim embodies all the characteristics that are not desirable in a soldier; his appearanceRead MoreBeowulf Grendel Synthesis essay1603 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Pretending Not To Care Friedrich Nietzsche once said, â€Å"What does nihilism mean? That the highest values devaluate themselves. The aim is lacking; ‘why?’ finds no answer†. Nietzsche reasons that when a society values anything—an object, a person, or a philosophy—it becomes a challenge to see who can obtain it, and those who cannot, form this idea that the value is pointless. He goes on to say that while those who cannot obtain it may act like they don’t care about this value, they still ask ‘why?’ to try

First Year of College free essay sample

Students have to adjust to their new living arrangements, like living with a new roommate. Living with a roommate can be a great college experience. College brings a unique opportunity to meet new people from different cultures and backgrounds. Making new friends can help students adapt to their new environment. Students sometimes are unsure how to make new friends their first year of college. The good news is every freshman is in the same situation. Many students are anxious to meet new people, and to make new friends.Attending school events, starting up conversations, even asking about a home work assignment can be a great way to meet new people. Many student should have no problem making new friends their first year of college. Students can become very over whelmed their first year of college. This may lead to different types of academic difficulties. Some students may face test anxiety, and difficulty concentrating. We will write a custom essay sample on First Year of College or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If a student feels over whelmed, they should meet with their advisor, or maybe seek tutoring by joining a study group.All students go through some academic difficulties, but they should always stay positive and seek the help they need. Overall, students go trough significant changes their first year of college. These changes can help students learn responsibilities and gain independence. Students also have to adjust to their new college life. College is a great place to meet new people, and make new friends. The first year of college can encourage students to prepare them selves for the real world, and future careers.

What Is Marijuana Essays - Herbalism, Medicinal Plants, Entheogens

What Is Marijuana? Marijuana, a drug obtained from dried and crumpled parts of the ubiquitous hemp plant Canabis sativa (or Cannabis indica). Smoked by rolling in tobacco paper or placing in a pipe. It is also otherwise consumed worldwide by an estimated 200,000,000 persons for pleasure, an escape from reality, or relaxation. Marijuana is known by a variety of names such as kif (Morocco), dagga (South Africa), and bhang (India). Common in the United States, marijuana is called pot, grass, weed, Mary Jane, bones, etc. The main active principle of cannabis is tetrahydrocannabinol. The potency of its various forms ranges from a weak drink consumed in India to the highly potent hashish. The following consists of pure cannabis resin. Marijuana is not a narcotic and is not mentally or physically addicting drug. One can use mild cannabis preparations such as marijuana in small amounts for years without physical or mental deterioration. Marijuana serves to diminish inhibitions and acts as an euphoriant. Only once in a while will it produce actual hallucinations. More potent preparations of cannabis such as hashish can induce psychedelic experiences identical to those observed after ingestion of potent hallucinogens such as LSD. Some who smoke marijuana feel no effects; others feel relaxed and sociable, tend to laugh a great deal, and have a profound loss of the sense of time. Characteristically, those under the influence of marijuana show incoordination and impaired ability to perform skilled acts. Still others experience a wide range of emotions including feelings of perception, fear, insanity, happiness, love and anger. Although marijuana is not addicting, it may be habituating. The individual may become psychologically rather than physically dependent on the drug. Legalization Of Marijuana Those who urge the legalization of marijuana maintain the drug is entirely safe. The available data suggested, this is not so, Marijuana occasionally produces acute panic reactions or even transient psychoses. Furthermore, a person driving under the influence of marijuana is a danger to themselves and others. If smoked heavily and a great deal of consistency, its use has been clearly associated with mental breakdown. In many persons who smoke chronically, the drug reinforces passivity and reduces goal-directed, constructive activity. The chronic use of pure resin (hashish) has been associated both with mental deterioration and criminality. One of the major complications of marijuana use is the tendency on the part of some users to progress to more dangerous drugs. Users in economically deprived areas usually go on to heroin, whereas more affluent individuals tend to move from marijuana to more potent hallucinogens such as LSD. There is no established medical use for marijuana or any other cannabis preparation. In the United States, its use is a crime and the laws governing marijuana are similar to those regulating heroin. Many authorities now urge that the laws be modified to mitigate the penalties relating to conviction on marijuana possession charges. The Case For Legalizing Marijuana Use The United States stands apart from many nations in its deep respect for the individual. The strong belief in personal freedom appears early in the nation's history. The Declaration of Independence speaks of every citizen's right to "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." The Constitution and Bill of Rights go further, making specific guarantees. They forbid the government to make unwarranted entry into dwelling places. They forbid seizure of personal property, except when very clear reasons are approved by the courts. They allow every citizen to remain silent in court when accused of a crime. Legal decisions have extended these rights, so that every citizen may feel safe, secure, and sheltered from public view in the privacy of his or her home. The Right To Privacy In recent years, Americans have referred to privacy as one of the basic human rights, something to be claimed by anyone, anywhere. United States citizens feel strongly about this and often tell other countries that they must honor their people's claims to privacy and personal freedom. Foreign leaders often disagree. They resent what they deem arrogant meddling by the United States. Leaders of the Soviet Union, for example, regard individual privacy as trivial when compared to the needs of the state. If the United States is to be persuasive in promoting freedom in other parts of the world, it must respect the privacy of its own citizens. Sometimes it is hard to do this because what goes on in people's private lives may seem offensive. But, according to U.S. traditions, there is a strong case to be made against legislating the private behavior of adults, so long as that behavior does not in turn violate the rights of others. Some people feel that this

Essay on Contracts Cases, Discussion, and ProblemsEssay Writing Service

Essay on Contracts Cases, Discussion, and ProblemsEssay Writing Service Essay on Contracts: Cases, Discussion, and Problems Essay on Contracts: Cases, Discussion, and ProblemsFirst of all, it is necessary to consider whether there UCC 2-102 applies to the transactions between Blithe and Moonshine and whether there was a distributorship agreement between Blithe and Moonshine and whether. It is accepted that the operations between Blithe and Moonshine involved order placing by Blithe, transfer of whiskey to the stores indicated in Blithe orders by Moonshine and payment of commission to Blithe on behalf of Moonshine.According to UCC 2-102, this article only applies to goods which are defined as all things which are movable at the time of identification to the contract of sale and the sale is defined as the passing of title from the seller to the buyer for a price. Since Blithe did not actually pay a price for Moonshines whiskey and the title did not pass from Moonshine to Blithe, UCC 2-102 cannot be applied to the case of Blithe vs Moonside. In this case, the situation is similar to the precedent in Pass v. Shelby Aviation and Custom Communications in the sense that the predominant purpose test shows that the primary cause of the transaction was the provision of services, while the sale of goods simply accompanied the dominating service.If the court decides to use the gravamen test instead of predominance test, there might be a portion of transaction related to the sale of good. However, even if the court chooses to do so and even if Blithe provides documents or other evidence showing that there were transactions of goods from Moonside to Blithe and transactions showing full payments of the price of goods from Blithe to Moonside, it would not still be possible to use UCC 2-102 due to the statute of frauds. According to it, any contract pertaining to the sale of goods which exceeds $500 but is not in writing or is in writing and is not signed by the person against whom the enforcement is sought is not enforceable under UCC 2-201.

Linguistic and Encylopaedic Information Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Linguistic and Encylopaedic Information - Essay Example It has been an observation that this distinction has often been very metaphorical due to inter-relation of lexical and non-lexical knowledge, and thus one can come across different viewpoints regarding possibility of distinction of linguistic and encyclopaedic information. On one hand, few linguistics advocate invalidity of any distinction between the two types of knowledge and/or information due to globalization of language and knowledge that has resulted in increment in spread of semantics and enhanced dependence on semiotics that do not facilitate any distinction between lexical and encyclopaedic information. On the other hand, linguistics of other school of thoughts deny this argument and oppose that it is essential to distinguish both information, especially from the perspective of linguistics as it will allow an in-depth understanding of different elements of a language. In this regard, different viewpoints exist; however, this paper will now include a brief description and dis cussion regarding dictionary and its entries that will allow a general understanding of information that is provided in the dictionaries, which will later on be considered for discussion on its distinction with encyclopaedic information. ... 93) Nowadays, it has been an observation that a dictionary entry usually consists of lexical information regarding a particular word. For instance, in the above example also, dictionary entry consisted of form, syntax, and semantic information regarding the word ‘cat’. However, latest versions of dictionaries are now coming with additional information as well, such as semantic relatives and morphologies, pronunciations, as well as alternative spellings (Spencer, 2012). In this regard, one can see distinction between different types of dictionaries as well since one can come across general dictionaries, subject dictionaries, translating dictionaries, special dictionaries, etc, and thus, every dictionary differentiates from one another based on its characteristics. In some dictionaries, dictionary entry will consist of orthographic information that is not a linguistic characteristic of a word according to many linguistic experts and thus will not be present in entries of o ther dictionaries. According to few linguistic experts, various additional factors play a critical role in understanding of words in English language; they do affect meaning, and consequently utilization of the particular word. Thus, it has now become very difficult to separate worldly meaning associated with lexical word meaning since native speakers although begin with lexical understanding of the language; however, they left the former as soon as they increase the volume of their vocabulary. In this regard, although one can distinguish between lexical that is dictionary information and non-lexical that is encyclopaedic information; however, it will require selection of a particular lens and/or perspective that will enable

What is the relationship between counselling and education In what Essay

What is the relationship between counselling and education In what ways might counselling be of value in schools Are there any dangers in teachers acting as counsellors - Essay Example However, recognizing the gap in contemporary education system, applying the concept of counselling to education in order to help students become mentally strong and independent individuals will help, not only in making them mentally strong but also in adding value to the education they receive. In this regard, educational psychotherapy would require specialized skills modeled on specific experiential concepts. This paper outlines the contemporary psychotherapeutic models and need for counselling in modern times. It further elaborates on the role educationalists/teachers can play in counseling students along with advantages and issues/challenges encountered in this setup. Children, from the age of 5, enter their first developmental transition stage of growth during which their physical, behavioural, social, and emotional personalities experience significant developmental challenges. Post this, adolescence is also a transitional stage of physical and mental human development that occurs between childhood and adulthood; it involves biological, social, and psychological changes (Moshman, 1999). Children’s social development is strongly characterized by peer experiences and friendships during this phase; it is the most active phase of their life and involves a myriad of activities such as learning, socializing, understanding, formation of an identity of self etc, thereby constantly in rigorous mental and physical activity. Buddhist psychology and cognitive theories postulate mind and body get stressed due to inappropriate thoughts, inaccurate beliefs, unrealistic expectations and insatiable desires (Semple & Lee, 2008), and children’s minds tend to juggle between all of these newly formed feelings and experiences. After much argument, Lazarus (1982) concluded that human cognition works by serially receiving, registering, encoding, storing for the short or long run, and retrieving meaningless bits of information