John Collier and the Indian New Deal Essay - 2960 Words

John Collier and the Indian New Deal At the beginning of the 20th century, Native American culture was on the edge of extinction. Indians were at the bottom of the economic ladder. They had the lowest life expectancy rate, the highest infant mortality rate, the highest suicide rate and the highest rate of alcoholism than any other group in America. The Meriam Report of 1928, an 872-page study, laid the blame at the foot of the Federal Government. When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office 1933, a series of major reforms were implemented that would later come to be known as the â€Å"Indian New Deal†. An important chapter in contemporary Native American history was about to begin. This essay will outline the major elements of the†¦show more content†¦Taking his first step toward reform, Collier convinced President Roosevelt to abolish the Board of Indian Commissioners, an agency created during the Grant Administration to oversee the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The board long dominated by supporters of land allotment and assimilation policies, was a major obstacle to reform. Elimination of the agency was a deft political maneuver that allowed Collier a freer hand in implementing Indian New Deal policies. Soon thereafter, Collier pushed through Congress the Pueblo Relief Act of 1933. The measure provided additional payments to Pueblos and settlers who were inadequately compensated by the Pueblo Land Act of 1924. This marked a successful conclusion to a battle Collier had fought in previous years and the first of many legislative triumphs. As outlined in the Meriam Report of 1928, reservations in Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Montana and Washington were in dire need of conservation programs. Responding to these problems, Collier and Congress established the Indian Emergency Conservation Work (IECW) program, which provided $5.9 million dollars for the establishment of seventy-two work camps on over 30 reservations. The program employed Native Americans during the worst of the depression while at the same time allowing them to stay close to their families. With the support of the President firmlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on American Indians and World War II1345 Words   |  6 PagesCitizenship Act and the Indian New Deal. Alison R. Bernstein examines how the Second World War affected the status and lives of Native Americans in American Indians and World War II: Toward a New Era in Indian Affairs. Bernstein argues that natives’ experiences in the military and munitions factories reduced isolation by getting them off of reservations and increasing their contact with mainstream American society. Native American contributions to the war effort led both Indians and whites to reconsiderRead MoreIndian Reorganization Act of 19341466 Words   |  6 PagesThe Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, also known as the Wheeler Howard Act or the IRA, had a major impact on the everyday lives of Native American Tribes that were scattered across the United states. The Indian Reorganization Act provided the means and tools for tribes to form their o wn governments and constitutions. The IRA stopped the general allotment act that was put into effect by the Dawes of 1887. The Indian Reorganization Act granted the Secretary of Interior a tremendous amount of powerRead MoreThe New Deal And World War II994 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Deal and World War II both had an effect on race relations in the American West. President Roosevelt’s New Deal was an attempt to fix the hardships of the Great Depression. The Great Depression brought about a change in ideology and opinion that made the New Deal possible because of public support to fix the burdens felt by many Americans, not just whites. World War II brought fear, intolerance and increased racism toward minority groups in the West, specifically Japanese and Hispanic. ClassRead MoreThe Era Of Franklin D. Roosevelt And The Civil Rights Movement1251 Words   |  6 PagesMany programs put in during Roosevelt’s administration never provided the same success for minorities that their white counterparts achieved. Still, FDR’s administration laid out multiple plans for minorities to achieve future success and equality. As new incentives with housing, industry, and civil rights tries to improve the lives’ of Latinos, Blacks, and Native Americans. To begin with, in Richard Polenberg’s The Era of Franklin D. Roosevelt there are six documents that are presented that provideRead MoreEssay on The Importance of the New Deal in the 1920s666 Words   |  3 PagesThe first look at the New Deal was to seek for an economic improvement of multiple working efforts towards relief aid, and towards recovery. The second look at the New Deal was focused towards many depression hit farmers, industrial workers of all races and trade unionist. In the 1920s there was many issues that were in need of resolution. Issues that were pressing such as effected individuals from The Great Depression. The civilian conservation corps was established in order to provide jobsRead MoreThe Louisiana Purchase1215 Words   |  5 Pagesreasons; to protect the citizens’ of the United States right to trade through the Port of New Orleans, to ensure that the British did not establish a new colony in the new land, and to allow the United States’ farmers and merchants to move westward. In 1682, the French discovered a large piece of land in North America which they named Louisiana after their king, King Louis XVI. Following the French and Indian War, King Louis XVI thought this land was a useless piece of uncharted wilderness. The kingRead MoreThe Removal Of The Indian Removal Act Of 18301820 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"It gives me pleasure to announce to Congress that the benevolent policy of the Government, steadily pursued for nearly thirty years, in relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white settlements is approaching to a happy consummation. Two important tribes have accepted the provision made for their removal at the last session of Congress, and it is believed that their example will induce the remaining tribes also to seek the same obvious advantages.† (Jackson, 1830) This quote from PresidentRead MoreJames Cooks Contribution to the Development of the British Empire5375 Words   |  22 Pagesthe 18th century when James Cook, originally a poor farm boy, explored and mapped vast uncharted areas of the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. However, James Cook was not ‘only an explorer. He can also be called a scientist Ââ€" he managed to introduce new principles into seafaring and cartography. For better understanding, the paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which throws light on the purpose and structure of the paper. Read More The Life and Contribution to the Development of the British Empire of James Cook5135 Words   |  21 Pagesthe 18th century when James Cook, originally a poor farm boy, explored and mapped vast uncharted areas of the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean. However, James Cook was not ‘only’ an explorer. He can also be called a scientist – he managed to introduce new principles into seafaring and cartography. For better understanding, the paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, which throws light on the purpose and structure of the paper. The second chapter is a brief introductionRead MoreImpact Of Colonialist Values On Perceptions Of Native Americans1556 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Colonialist Values on Perceptions of Native Americans in Green Grass, Running Water Green Grass, Running Water by Thomas King largely deals with the consequences of the conflict between Native American values and colonialist foundations. In particular, King examines the reasons behind the misconceptions and false perceptions of aboriginal people within the dominant European North American culture. In the novel it is asserted that the problems of the Native American people are due to

Male And Female Sentencing A Look Into Alternative...

Female V Male Sentencing A Look into Alternative Sentencing Ritchey, Christian American Military University Author Note This paper was prepared for CRMJ201. Abstract With incarceration rates rising and jail and prison populations at an all-time high, alternative sentencing is being used more often with non-violent offenders. This paper looks at male and female incarceration rates, the use of alternative programs for sentencing between the two and the effectiveness of such programs. During the paper we will analyze sentencing differences between male and female offenders. We will also analyze the use of alternative programs for sentencing and their effectiveness. Female V Male Sentencing A Look into Alternative Sentencing The sentencing†¦show more content†¦These A look at statistics According to the 1998 Census Bureau (which was revised in 2000) female offenders made up 51.6% of the population while male offenders made up 48.4%. This indicates that women account for more than half of the population age 10 and older. (bjs.gov) In order to look further into alternative sentencing we need to ask ourselves: 1. What is alternative sentencing? 2. Who is eligible for alternative sentencing? 3. What is the goal of alternative sentencing? 4. Does it work? What is alternative sentencing? â€Å"An alternative to incarceration is any kind of punishment other than time in prison or jail that can be given to a person who commits a crime†. (famm.org) These types of â€Å"punishment† have several benefits. They can help provide things for communities, lower prison and jail costs, help rehabilitate and treat offenders who are addicted to drugs or are mentally ill. Some forms of alternative sentencing are drug-court, probation, house arrest, community service, half-way houses and fines/restitution. Drug-courts are special branches of courts that exist within courts that already exist. Drug-courts provide offenders with court supervised treatment. Probation/parole allows the offender to be â€Å"free† of incarceration, but, keeps the offender from leaving the community. While on probation/parole the offender will have to report to the probation/parole officer. This keeps the offender accountable and helps deter them

The Question Of Being Is The Darkest Of All Philosophy

The question of being is the darkest in all philosophy.† So concluded William James in thinking about that most basic of riddles: how did something come from nothing? The question infuriates, James realized, because it demands an explanation while denying the very possibility of explanation. â€Å"From nothing to being there is no logical bridge,† he wrote. In science, explanations are built of cause and effect. But if nothing is truly nothing, it lacks the power to cause. It’s not simply that we can’t find the right explanation—it’s that explanation itselffails in the face of nothing. This failure hits us where it hurts. We are a narrative species. Our most basic understanding comes through stories, and how something came from nothing is the†¦show more content†¦The ancient Greeks suggested that empty space is filled with substance—a plenum, an ether. Aristotle conceived of the ether as an unchanging fifth element, more perfect and heavenly in its invariance than earth, air, fire, or water. True nothingness was at odds with Aristotle’s physics, which said that bodies rise up or fall down as dictated by their rightful place in the natural order of things. Nothingness, however, would be perfectly symmetric—it would look the same from every angle—rendering absolute spatial directions like â€Å"up† and â€Å"down† utterly meaningless. An ether, Aristotle figured, could serve as a kind of cosmic compass, an ultimate reference frame against which all motion could be measured. For those who abhorred a vacuum, the ether banished every last trace of it. The ancient ether stuck around for millennia until it was re-imagined in the late 19th century by physicists like James Clerk Maxwell, who discovered that light behaves as a wave that always travels at a particular speed. What was waving, and speed relative to what? The ether was a handy answer, providing both a medium for light waves to travel through, and, as Aristotle originally imagined, a reference frame against which allShow MoreRelatedThe Philosophical Community As The Father Of Existentialism787 Words   |  4 PagesSoren Kierkegaard is known, almost universally, in the philosophical community as the Father of Existentialism. His works all seek to answer a fundamental question of existence, one that plagued humanity since the times of Aristotle and beyond; How should we life our lives? More specifically in his publication, Either/Or, Kierkegaard introduces two life philosophies, one of the aesthetic and one of the ethic. These viewpoints, argued and symbolized by two charact ers, â€Å"A†, and Judge Wilhelm. KierkegaardRead MoreWhat Makes People Happy?836 Words   |  4 PagesHappy? 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First Year of College free essay sample

Students have to adjust to their new living arrangements, like living with a new roommate. Living with a roommate can be a great college experience. College brings a unique opportunity to meet new people from different cultures and backgrounds. Making new friends can help students adapt to their new environment. Students sometimes are unsure how to make new friends their first year of college. The good news is every freshman is in the same situation. Many students are anxious to meet new people, and to make new friends.Attending school events, starting up conversations, even asking about a home work assignment can be a great way to meet new people. Many student should have no problem making new friends their first year of college. Students can become very over whelmed their first year of college. This may lead to different types of academic difficulties. Some students may face test anxiety, and difficulty concentrating. We will write a custom essay sample on First Year of College or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page If a student feels over whelmed, they should meet with their advisor, or maybe seek tutoring by joining a study group.All students go through some academic difficulties, but they should always stay positive and seek the help they need. Overall, students go trough significant changes their first year of college. These changes can help students learn responsibilities and gain independence. Students also have to adjust to their new college life. College is a great place to meet new people, and make new friends. The first year of college can encourage students to prepare them selves for the real world, and future careers.